Theoretical background of the "model of movement phasing”
One of the biggest challenges for a coach is watching and analyzing a movement performed by an athlete. Every sport movement is performed in only a few seconds. In a few seconds, the coach sees the movement. Then the coach is expected to give feedback based on his observation of the movement.
Observing and analyzing sport movements is a skill of a coach, which over the years develops. By watching many movements the visual perception and analysis of the coach gets more accurate. The analysis of the observed sport movement develops over the years by previous experience.
Due to short amount of time that passes when a sport movement is performed, may arise assumptions because of the analysis of the coaches is blurred.The danger arises that the coach doesn’t make the right analysis and starts giving feedback about an error in the sport movement that is not there. In addition, a trap for the coach is to give the athlete vague feedback ("jump higher, run faster, turn harder").
The Sportalyzer App is developed to help coaches with observing and analyzing sports movement. The Sportalyzer is designed to observe and analyze a movement easier and more effective.
Model of motion phases
The first step of the Sportalyzer is a movement in mapping. This is done by means of the model of motion phases. This model is based on the model of phasing of movement (Carr, 2004). The model of Carr has developed and has led to a model of movement phases (Bosman & Hoeboer, 2008). The model is shown schematically in Figure 1.
Observing and analyzing sport movements is a skill of a coach, which over the years develops. By watching many movements the visual perception and analysis of the coach gets more accurate. The analysis of the observed sport movement develops over the years by previous experience.
Due to short amount of time that passes when a sport movement is performed, may arise assumptions because of the analysis of the coaches is blurred.The danger arises that the coach doesn’t make the right analysis and starts giving feedback about an error in the sport movement that is not there. In addition, a trap for the coach is to give the athlete vague feedback ("jump higher, run faster, turn harder").
The Sportalyzer App is developed to help coaches with observing and analyzing sports movement. The Sportalyzer is designed to observe and analyze a movement easier and more effective.
Model of motion phases
The first step of the Sportalyzer is a movement in mapping. This is done by means of the model of motion phases. This model is based on the model of phasing of movement (Carr, 2004). The model of Carr has developed and has led to a model of movement phases (Bosman & Hoeboer, 2008). The model is shown schematically in Figure 1.
The model focuses on different phases within a sport movement. These phases that have different purposes helps focusing on different parts of the sports movement in a systematic way. We subdivide every sports movement into four phases.
Preparatory phase
This phase is part of the movement, where the mover prepares mentally and physically to perform the movement. In addition, the mover collects a certain amount of energy to perform the movement.
Introductory phase
This phase is that part of the movement in which the body is positioned the correct stance in preparation of the core phase . In this phase, the collected energy is conserved or increased.
Core phase
The core phase is the essential part of the movement for the success of the movement execution. This phase is that part of the movement in which the body retains the supplied energy which leads to the intended result. When the core phase is performed with an error the intended movement fails. The core phase is divided into:
Main phase
The main phase is that part of the movement in which the mover supplies the muscle activity, which generates the energy needed to get to the solution of the challenge within the sports movement. In this phase, the mover is in direct or indirect contact with the ground. The stored potential energy is released as kinetic energy. The positions of the body at the beginning and end of the main phase are essential to determine the result of the movement that is visible in the resulting phase.
Result phase
During this phase, there is no energy added to the movement. In the result, it is possible to change the position of the body that gives the athlete the possibility to adjust the stance. At the end of the phase, the body is in position for the end phase of the movement.
End phase
This phase is the part of the movement where the energy is reduced and the body is put in the desired final position. In the end phase, the aim is to achieve a stable position.
- Preparatory phase
- Introductory phase
- Core phase
- End phase
Preparatory phase
This phase is part of the movement, where the mover prepares mentally and physically to perform the movement. In addition, the mover collects a certain amount of energy to perform the movement.
Introductory phase
This phase is that part of the movement in which the body is positioned the correct stance in preparation of the core phase . In this phase, the collected energy is conserved or increased.
Core phase
The core phase is the essential part of the movement for the success of the movement execution. This phase is that part of the movement in which the body retains the supplied energy which leads to the intended result. When the core phase is performed with an error the intended movement fails. The core phase is divided into:
- Main phase
- Result phase
Main phase
The main phase is that part of the movement in which the mover supplies the muscle activity, which generates the energy needed to get to the solution of the challenge within the sports movement. In this phase, the mover is in direct or indirect contact with the ground. The stored potential energy is released as kinetic energy. The positions of the body at the beginning and end of the main phase are essential to determine the result of the movement that is visible in the resulting phase.
Result phase
During this phase, there is no energy added to the movement. In the result, it is possible to change the position of the body that gives the athlete the possibility to adjust the stance. At the end of the phase, the body is in position for the end phase of the movement.
End phase
This phase is the part of the movement where the energy is reduced and the body is put in the desired final position. In the end phase, the aim is to achieve a stable position.